In successful Lattice Assisted Nuclear Reactions (LANR), pairs of loaded deuterons, which are located in periodic vacancy sites, combine synchronously. Their energy continually increases, driven by an electrically-forced oscillator flow. Unlike in hot fusion, this type of synchronous mechanism is relational and unifying, rather than confrontational and destructive. In hot fusion, one deuteron hits another as a target, to overcome the Coulomb barrier. Conversely, in cold fusion, the deuterons interact as bosons in synchrony, making the Coulomb barrier a moot point, and identifying themselves and their interactions by the high-Q RF emissions [1]. The critical irreversible transition for making de novo ⁴He only occurs by coherent energy transfer. This lattice-assisted energy is enabled by three types of processes--optical, acoustic, and magnetic--causing a spin-energy loss of the bosons. This is what causes the observed excess heat.

In cold fusion, due to the acoustic and optical phonons of cold fusion, the ⁴He* is able to make that otherwise forbidden transition to the ground state, resulting in de novo ⁴He with a relatively low-momentum [2]. By contrast, in hot fusion, the excited states of ⁴He are able to make internal transitions to a lower energy state of ⁴He by gamma radiation [3], which is forbidden in LANR/CF systems, and by a more effective Bremsstrahlung system [4].

The JET PHUSOR® experimental system exemplifies this CF/LANR behavior in an aqueous D-loaded Pd system. An important aspect of this JET PHUSOR® system is the asymmetric electrolysis, meaning that the electrolysis occurs on only one side of the cathode. This is a high voltage system (~800 to 1500 volts), wherein the bubbling occurs primarily on the anode-side of this system [5]. Thus, there is a forced movement of the deuteron ions through the metal lattice, which creates a deuteron current through the palladium electrode. This intra-palladium deuterium current, in turn, augments the D flux through the palladium and thus an improved likelihood of a successful nuclear reaction within the lattice. [6]

References

1. Swartz, M. R, Active LANR Systems Emit a 327.37 MHz Maser Line, Proc. ICCF-22, J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., Volume 33, pages 80-110 (2020)
2. Swartz, M. R, Peter L. Hagelstein, Increased PdD anti-Stokes Peaks are Correlated with Excess Heat Mode, J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 24, 130-145 (2017)
3. Swartz, M., "Phusons in Nuclear Reactions in Solids", Fusion Technology, 31, 228-236 (March 1997)
4. Swartz, M., G. Verner, "Bremsstrahlung in Hot and Cold Fusion", J New Energy, 3, 4, 90-101 (1999)
5. Swartz, M., G. Verner, "Excess Heat from Low Electrical Conductivity Heavy Water Spiral-Wound Pd/D2O/Pt and Pd/D2O-PdCl2/Pt Devices", CMNS, Proceedings of ICCF-10, eds. Peter L. Hagelstein, Scott, R. Chubb, World Scientific Publishing, NJ, ISBN 981-256-564-6, 29-44; 45-54 (2006)
6. Swartz M., Verner G., The Phusor®-type LANR Cathode is a Metamaterial Creating Deuteron Flux for Excess Power Gain, Proc. ICCF-14, 2, (2008), p 458; Ed D.J. Nagel and M.E.Melich, ISBN: 978-0-578-06694-3, 458, (2010)